What is the cause of Dermatitis

Allergic to Nickel Instead of Gold
The most common contact dermatitis is caused by the metal nickel rather than gold. To avoid problems, buy earrings with stainless steel posts. Don't wear nickel-containing jewelry when it's hot, perspiration brings the nickel out of the jewelry. Go for gold jewelry with a high gold content, the lower the karat, the higher the nickel content.
Avoid Artificial Nails
Stay away from acrylic manicure products. They can cause contact dermatitis as well as eye and respiratory irritation.

Bathing Tips
Beware of dry skin which worsens any dermatitis. Bath in lukewarm, never hot or cold water, which can dry the skin. Use a mild, moisturizing soap with no perfumes. An oatmeal bath such as Aveeno can do wonders to alleviate skin problems.

Cotton Clothing
If you have dermatitis, avoid synthetic fabrics as well as tight or ill-fitting clothing. Wear loose-fitting, cotton clothing to decrease itching.

Dermatitis and Cataracts
People with a long-term history of dermatological problems have a higher incidence of cataracts. Visit your eye care specialist regularly.

Dermatitis or Dandruff?
Severe dandruff is actually a disease called seborrheic dermatitis which requires treatment by a doctor. See a dermatologist if you have the following symptoms: scalp irritation, thick scales on scalp despite the regular use of dandruff shampoos, yellow crusting on scalp, or red patches on scalp or neck.

Hydrocortisone Cream
Always keep over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream in your medicine cabinet for treatment of dermatitis. Check the expiration date frequently.

Milk Compresses
Cold, milk-soaked dressings can help relieve itching.
Put milk in a glass with ice cubes and let it stand for 5 to 10 minutes. Soak a cotton pad with the milk and apply it to the affected area for 5 minutes. Resoak the pad and reapply it for another 5 minutes.

Tar-Based Shampoos vs. Light-colored Hair
If you have silver or blond hair, be careful when using a tar-based shampoo. They can give light hair a brownish stain.

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How we can take Wound care.doc

Adhesive Bandage Removal Tips
To easily remove an adhesive bandage:
Use a small pair of scissors to separate the bandage portion from the adhesive strips. Gently pull the bandage away. Then remove the adhesive sections.

Care After Skin Grafting
After your skin graft is healed, the application of pure cocoa butter available in stick form in most drugstores, may be recommended to keep the area soft and moist.

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What is Eczema

Food and Eczema :
Eggs, orange juice and milk can often aggravate eczema. Check with your doctor before eliminating these healthful food from your diet, however.
Laundry and Eczema
Don't use too much detergent and double rinse your laundry. Having no detergent residue is the important thin

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What is Burns

Burns
Anticipate Sunburn
If you know you've gotten too much sun, take 2 aspirin tablets before the redness appears; repeat every 4 hours for up to 6 doses.
Burns with Blistering
If a burn blisters, cover it with a clean saline (salt water)-soaked compress and seek medical attention for evaluation and treatment.

Cool Off Sunburn
Cool off your sunburn with a sprite bottle of water and a fan. Spray your sunburn with water and allow the cooling breeze from the fan to hit the affected areas.

Definition and Treatment
A first-degree burn involves only the outer layer of skin. The skin is dry, painful and sensitive to touch. A mild sunburn is a good example.
Treating sunburn involves watching for signs of dehydration and heat exhaustion.
Cool baths or compresses can be soothing.
A mild fever and headache can accompany a sunburn. Lie down in a cool, quiet room to relieve headache.
Drink lots of water.
There is nothing you can do to prevent peeling. Lotion can help relieve itching.

Definition and Treatment II
Second degree burns involve several layers of skin. The skin becomes swollen, puffy, weepy or blistered.
Run cold tap water over the burn for 10 to 15 minutes. Cold water is the best immediate treatment for minor burns. The cold lowers the skin temperature and lessens the severity of the burn. Do not use ice, as it may further damage the injured skin.
Do not put salve, butter, grease, oil or ointment on a burn. They increase the risk of infection and don't help heal the burn.

Milk to Treat Sunburn
Soothing milk compresses for sunburn treatment:
Mix 1 cup of skim milk with 4 cups of water and add a few ice cubes. Let stand for 5 or 10 minutes to chill.
Soak a clean cloth with the solution, apply to sunburn for 15 to 20 minutes; repeat every 2 hours.

No Butter to Burns
DO NOT apply butter, Vaseline, or any oily substance to a burn. The oil promotes further burning of the tissue and attracts germs which may cause infection. Stick with cool water, saline, or apple cider vinegar.

Treating Minor Burns
Minor burns, such as sunburn, can be effectively treated by applying apple cider vinegar via a clean cotton pad to the affected area as soon as possible after the injury has occurred.

Care of a Skin Graft
It is a must that you prevent the wound dressing from sticking to the graft. The graft will peel off along with the dressing. Many physicians recommend the use of sterile Vaseline gauze.

Do Not Use Bar Soap to Cleanse Wounds
Treat minor cuts and scrapes by cleansing with a liquid antibacterial soap, such as Dial. Bar soaps hold germs and could cause a wound infection.

Hand washing and Wound Care
The most important measure in preventing wound infection is thorough hand washing before and after wound care. You should wash your hands with a mild antibacterial soap for at least 10 to 15 seconds under running warm water and dry your hands with a paper towel rather than a hand towel.

Minimize Scarring
Application of an OTC (over-the-counter) antibacterial ointment, such as triple antibiotic ointment, speeds healing and lessens scarring.

Saline and Wound Cleansing
Saline is an effective and natural wound cleanser. To make your own saline, boil a quart of water for 5 minutes and add 1 teaspoon of table salt. Store it in a sterile glass jar in the refrigerator and discard it after 24 hours. DO NOT use this solution in your eyes.

Tetanus Shot
Don't forget to get a tetanus booster within 24 hours of cutting yourself if it has been longer than 5 years since your last booster.

Unstick That Bandaid
If your wound or scab is stuck to the bandage, soak it in saline solution, a teaspoon of salt per quart of water.
If the bandage is stuck on body hair, pull in the direction of the hair growth after loosening the adhesive with alcohol.

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How is smallpox spread

Smallpox normally spreads from contact with infected persons. Generally, direct and fairly prolonged face-to-face contact is required to spread smallpox from one person to another. Smallpox also can be spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing. Indirect contact is not common. Rarely, smallpox has been spread by virus carried in the air in enclosed settings such as buildings, buses, and trains. Smallpox is not known to be transmitted by insects or animals.

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Add Moisture to the Air:
Consider investing in a humidifier for your home to combat the drying effects of heaters and furnaces. Add a few drops of your favorite essential oil to the water to increase the healing power of the hydrated air. Try lavender, rosewood, or chamomile.

Bathe in Lukewarm Water:
Hot water and soaps that contain detergents and anti-bacterial ingredients can dry out your skin. Bathe in lukewarm water and choose a mild soap or body wash containing moisturizer, glycerin or plant oils. Apply body oil while still damp to help seal in the moisture after bathing and then gently pat your skin dry with a soft towel.

Best Moisturizer – Water:
The best way to hydrate the skin is to soak in lukewarm water for 15 minutes.
Diet and Skin Care:

Increase your intake of essential fatty acids found in whole grains, nuts, seeds and certain types of fish. Cook with olive or canola oil and use olive or flaxseed oil in salad dressings. Drink at least eight glasses of water a day to stay hydrated and moisturize your body from the inside. Greasy foods take a toll on your skin; try to eliminate saturated fats and fried foods from your diet.

General Skin Care:
The skin is the largest organ of the body and often the most neglected. Taking good care of your skin should be part of your daily routine. Intact skin is our best defense against bacterial invasion. Winter weather often results in dry, itchy skin. Here's some advice on relieving irritation and revealing soft, smooth skin. Remember, a good skin care product doesn't have to be expensive to be effective.

Lotion While Damp:
Lotion is much more effective for dry skin treatment if you apply it while your skin is damp after bathing rather than when your skin is totally dry.

Moisturize Daily:
Moisturize daily!
When choosing a moisturizer, look for healing ingredients such as plant extracts, plant oils, sea algae, lanolin, glycerin, Vitamins A, B, C, and E and pure aloe vera. Lotions with mineral oils, perfumes or alcohol may produce an allergic reaction or have a drying effect on the skin.

Shaving Moles Is a No-No:
Moles should never be shaved off. There is always a possibility of infection, excess bleeding, or scarring. The only safe alternative is to see a dermatologist.

Sun Exposure:
Avoid sun exposure during the peak intensity hours - between 10 am and 4 pm (10:00 - 16:00). The risk of burning also increases at higher altitude.

Udderly Helpful Skin Care:
Two of the best products for easing dry skin, IMHO, are manufactured for healing cow's udders. Try Udder Cream and Bag Balm when your skin feels like alligator hide.

What's a Hygrometer?
Purchase an inexpensive hygrometer to measure the humidity in your home. Lowering your home's heat and using a humidifier will keep your home in the comfort zone and help prevent dry skin and hair.

Winter Skin Tip
If your skin tends to be dry and itchy in the winter, turn down the heat in your home. You'll be a lot more comfortable in a cooler house.

Natural Skin Care Methods

Baking Soda and Vinegar:
Soothe bee stings, other insect bites, and burns by spreading a paste of baking soda and vinegar on it.

Baking Soda as Deodorant:
Mix equal parts baking soda and cornstarch, then add water until it can be poured into a mold. After it dries you have a ball of deodorant that you moisten and apply. Be careful though, if you apply it to raw or tender skin (i.e. after shaving your armpits) it will burn.

Baking Soda as Deodorant II:
Mix a cup of baking soda and 2 T. of cornstarch (to keep baking soda from clumping) and put it in a plastic container with a short-handled blush brush. Then after your shower you just brush on your deodorant. Since you're still a little moist, it doesn't have a problem sticking.

Baking Soda Foot Baths:
Regular footbaths with water and baking soda will control foot odors.

Exfoliating Facial Scrub:
Use 3 parts baking soda to 1 part water as an exfoliating facial scrub. Gently massage into face using a circular motion after washing with your regular cleanser. The recommended frequency of use is three times per week.

Facial Scrub:
Visitor Tip: I add a little baking soda to my facial cleanser instead of using facial scrubs. The little "grains" are round and tiny, so are very gentle.

Foot Odors:
No more expensive foot powders-- just sprinkle baking soda on dry to control athlete's foot and odors, also dust the inside of shoes with baking soda to reduce foot moisture.

Insect Bite/Sting Relief
Apply a baking soda and water paste or apple cider vinegar via a cotton pad to bee, jellyfish, or sea nettle stings or mosquito bites to relieve the itching and pain.

Natural Treatment for Dry/Irritated Skin
Treat dry skin during your bath with following mixture: combine 1 cup oatmeal, 1 cup warm water, 1 tablespoon vanilla extract, and 1/2 cup baking soda in a blender or food processor until you have a smooth paste. Pour this paste under the running water while drawing your bath. It's very soothing to dry, irritated skin.

Neutralize Battery Acid
In the event of a spill, neutralize battery acid quickly by applying a baking soda paste to the affected area.

Poison Ivy Relief
To relieve the itch from poison ivy, make a paste with water, spread it on the affected area and let it dry. This also promotes healing.

Smooth Skin Diet
A veggie a day keeps the wrinkles away, according to the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, which reports that subjects who eat vegetables rich in antioxidants -- specifically, vitamins A, C and E -- have smoother skin. (The findings applied whether subjects lived in a sun-drenched or sun-deprived country, and when age and smoking were factored in.) Other nutritious (and beautifying) foods to feast on: beans, olive oil, nuts and multigrain breads.

Soft Hands
To soften hands while you do dishes, add a tablespoon of baking soda to your soapy water.

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What is the treatment of smallpox

Smallpox can be prevented through use of the smallpox vaccine, even if the vaccine is given within three days after exposure to smallpox. There is no proven treatment for smallpox, but research to evaluate new antiviral agents is ongoing. Preliminary results with the drug, cidofovir suggest it may be useful. (The use of cidofovir to treat smallpox or smallpox vaccine reactions should be evaluated and monitored by experts at NIH and CDC.) Patients with smallpox can benefit from supportive therapy (e. g., intravenous fluids, medicine to control fever or pain) and antibiotics for any secondary bacterial infections that may occur.

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How can we prevent smallpox

Smallpox is an acute, contagious, and sometimes fatal disease caused by an orthopoxvirus and marked by fever and a distinctive progressive skin rash. In 1980, the disease was declared eradicated following worldwide vaccination programs.
However, in the aftermath of the events of September and October, 2001, New York State, along with other states, and the U. S. government are taking precautions to be ready to deal with a bioterrorist attack using smallpox as a weapon. As a result of these efforts: 1) There is a detailed nationwide smallpox preparedness program to protect Americans against smallpox as a biological weapon. This program includes the creation of preparedness teams that are ready to respond to a smallpox attack on the United States. Members of these teams - health care and public health workers - are being vaccinated so that they might safely protect others in the event of a smallpox outbreak. 2) There is enough smallpox vaccine to vaccinate everyone who would need it in the event of an emergency.

The deliberate release of smallpox as an epidemic disease is now regarded as a possibility, and the United States is taking precautions to deal with this possibility.


Smallpox is classified as a Category A agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Category A agents are those that pose the greatest potential threat for adverse public health impact and have a moderate to high potential for large-scale dissemination. The public is generally more aware of category A agents, and broad-based public health preparedness efforts are underway. Other Category A agents are anthrax, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers.


At the moment, the smallpox vaccine is not available for members of the general public. In the event of a smallpox outbreak, however, there is enough smallpox vaccine to vaccinate everyone who would need it.

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What is SARS

SARS

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a corona virus, called SARS-associated corona virus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003. Over the next few months, the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. This fact sheet gives basic information about the illness and what CDC has done to control SARS in the United States

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What is Symptoms of SARS

Symptoms of SARS
In general, SARS begins with a high fever (temperature greater than 100.4 F [>38.0C]). Other symptoms may include headache, an overall feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some people also have mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. About 10 percent to 20 percent of patients have diarrhea. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. Most patients develop pneumonia.

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